{"id":415,"date":"2020-10-20T12:29:49","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T12:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/"},"modified":"2026-01-23T09:44:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T09:44:28","slug":"mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov","status":"publish","type":"pamiatka","link":"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/en\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban fortification of the city of Pre\u0161ov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Walls, which in other European countries were a characteristic feature of the city, were built at a slower pace in medieval Hungary. In 1351, King Louis I wanted to encourage towns to build fortifications of brick with his decree, which gave such settlements (civitates muratae) dispensed with the payment of the newly established ninth.<\/strong> Construction Walls<\/strong> in Pre\u0161ov was supported by Louis I in 1374 by granting the local community privileges in the trade of textiles and handicrafts, following the example of Buda. In one document, King Sigismund of Luxembourg or his chancellery even described the construction works in question as \u201ere-establishment\u201c<\/em> cities.
Around the second half of the 14th century the city of Pre\u0161ov was building a belt of protective walls. At first it had only three walls reinforced by large barbicanes at the Upper and Lower Gates. The inner wall had an ochodza with shooting galleries, the second wall was part of the parkan and the third wall was the outer wall of the moat. On the west side of this stood the so-called Little Gate, leading to the Toris. At the beginning of the construction of the city walls, an experienced master had the leading word Ambrose of Di\u00f3sgy\u00f6r<\/em>, who was sent to Pre\u0161ov by the king Louis I<\/em>, who wished that the people of Pre\u0161ov would not build towers, but would leave places free for them. In spite of the above-mentioned royal concessions, the townspeople continued to build fortifications very slowly, which is why the new ruler Sigismund of Luxembourg granted them further privileges and benefits. From 1404, Pre\u0161ov citizens were allowed to cut wood, quarry stone and burn lime for the construction of the walls anywhere on the royal land, and from 1405, the townspeople of Ve\u013ek\u00fd \u0160ari\u0161 had to help them in this as well. At that time they added a lower wall to the existing walls (park\u00e1n). In 1433, Cardinal Julianu even allowed them to work on Sundays and holidays. In accordance with the general order to rebuild and reinforce the walls of 1435, the walls and the city moat in Pre\u0161ov were also extended, and two mills in the western part of the city were destroyed. The town was then extended westwards by another block of houses and in the south the medieval Carmelite hospital, originally located behind the walls, was incorporated into the town's intramural area. However, work continued at a very slow pace and was only accelerated by the danger of an attack by the Hussite army. The construction of the city fortifications was completed in the mid-1530s. In the meantime, it had to be demolished on the western side to make way for a new street (Jarkova) on the site of the former moat, and then rebuilt on a new site.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Pre\u0161ov builder J\u00e1n participated in the protective constructions. He is said to have built the city gate, the tower in the north-western part of the city and also participated in the outer fortification wall. The massive triple belt of walls with a moat was fortified with bastions. The original fortification system of the city of Pre\u0161ov consisted of two rings of walls interspersed with bastions, towers and a moat filled with water from the\u00a0Mill Yard<\/em>. (Considering the fact that mills existed in Pre\u0161ov as early as the 13th century, we can consider the now defunct trough of the Mill Ditch and its surroundings as one of the oldest parts of the city.) When in 1751 the military function of the city ceased to be relevant, Maria Theresa ordered the abolition of the city fortifications and had all the weapons transported to Ko\u0161ice. From the end of the 18th century onwards, the gates, bastions and walls gradually had to give way to new construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, as a result of several factors, these parts of the town fortification have been preserved to this day:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kum\u0161t<\/strong><\/em> - the so-called water bastion on today's Kum\u0161t Street. Since the 16th century, a technically remarkable device for pumping water from the Mill Ditch was located in the basement of the disused bastion and distributed in wooden pipes around the town. (Machina hydraulics)<\/em>. It was powered by horse power. The Bastion later fell into disrepair and was rebuilt in 1930, where it housed the Jewish Museum. Today the building houses the depository of the Regional Museum in Pre\u0161ov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

City ditch<\/strong>, which has been preserved with a part of the fortification wall on the eastern side of the town (under the Kmet's tree line) parallel to the Slovak Street. It belongs to several buildings, on the southern side there is a\u00a0Garden of Art<\/strong>, where there was a swimming pool in the 1970s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polygonal bastion<\/strong> behind the Franciscan church extending towards the ground<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medieval bastion on Kov\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e1 Street<\/strong> is the only preserved cannon bastion from the last phase of fortification construction and is an example of an object from an earlier period of fortification construction. Nowadays it serves as a viewing platform and sometimes for cultural purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Castle walls<\/strong> have been partially preserved also on Ba\u0161tova Street on the western side of the town, but only to a small extent, as residential ground-floor houses were added to the wall of the town fortification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Florian's Gate :<\/strong> The largest building among the preserved parts of the city fortification. It served as a gate for pedestrians and the outlet of the city canal into the moat. It was modified to its present form at the end of the 18th century. The adjacent building, adapted from the castle wall, housed the town's public hospital, the poorhouse and the so-called \".\"salons house<\/em>\" (shelter for the mentally ill).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foundations of the western gate of the medieval fortification of the town from the 15th century on Flori\u00e1nova Street: n<\/strong>The climb is located on both sides of the walkway under the arch of Florian's Gate. It is a 70 centimetre wall. There is a stone paving used on Main Street to draw attention to the historic findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At 49 Main Street there is a 3D bronze model of the historical core of Pre\u0161ov from the 18th century.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":296,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true},"kategoria":[24],"lokalita":[17],"class_list":["post-415","pamiatka","type-pamiatka","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategoria-mestske-opevnenia","lokalita-mesto-presov"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMestsk\u00e9 opevnenie mesta Pre\u0161ov - \u0160ari\u0161sk\u00e1 hradn\u00e1 cesta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/en\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mestsk\u00e9 opevnenie mesta Pre\u0161ov\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hradby, ktor\u00e9 v in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch patrili k charakteristick\u00fdm znakom mesta, sa na \u00fazem\u00ed stredovek\u00e9ho...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/en\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0160ari\u0161sk\u00e1 hradn\u00e1 cesta\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-23T09:44:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/kumst-watercolor-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1258\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sarisskahradnacesta.sk\/pamiatka\/mestske-opevnenie-mesta-presov\/\",\"name\":\"Mestsk\u00e9 opevnenie mesta Pre\u0161ov - 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